An idea of the central place the language has in cultural terms is given by the fact that Basques identify themselves by the term euskaldun and their country as Euskal Herria, literally "Basque speaker" and "Country of the Basque Language" respectively. However, this heir often provided for the rest of the family (unlike in England, with strict primogeniture, where the eldest son inherited everything and often did not provide for others). Stereotypical character traits that are associated with Welsh people include that they are good singers, obsessed with rugby, proud and nationalistic, friendly and jokey, and country bumpkins. They emerged from the Franco regime with a revitalized language and culture. Although this is not necessarily true in day to day life, this stereotype might have its origins in old Basque shepherding traditions, known as irrintzi, which have become a part of overall Basque culture. [16][33], In 2015, a new scientific study of Basque DNA was published which seems to indicate that Basques are descendants of Neolithic farmers who mixed with local Mesolithic hunters before becoming genetically isolated from the rest of Europe for millennia. There are three other historic provinces parts of the Basque Country: Labourd, Lower Navarre and Soule (Lapurdi, Nafarroa Beherea and Zuberoa in Basque; Labourd, Basse-Navarre and Soule in French), devoid of official status within France's present-day political and administrative territorial organization, and only minor political support to the Basque nationalists. Some Basque surnames were adapted from old baserri or habitation names. As the name suggests, this is a people with a distinct language, and a unique physical body. Large numbers of Basques have left the Basque Country to settle in the rest of Spain, France or other parts of the world in different historical periods, often for economic or political reasons. Much of this population lives in or near the Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) urban belt on the coast (in Basque these are Baiona, Angelu and Miarritze). And they do look great. Nowadays Basque-speakers refer to this region as Iparralde (Basque for North), and to the Spanish provinces as Hegoalde (South). Two men saw a tree trunk with a "tronza" (traditional Basque saw) during a rural sports championship, US porn star declared unfit for sex crimes trial, Jeremy Renner TV show poster edited after accident, Celebrities who say their children will get no inheritance, Germany: We are no longer reliant on Russian energy, Keep cake away from office, says food adviser, Ukrainian ministers killed in helicopter crash. The city of Bakersfield has a large Basque community and the city has several Basque restaurants, including Noriega's which won the 2011 James Beard Foundation America's Classic Award. All articles are edited by a PhD level academic. It is sometimes referred to simply as "the Basque Country" (or Euskadi) by writers and public agencies only considering those three western provinces, but also on occasions merely as a convenient abbreviation when this does not lead to confusion in the context. Elko, Nevada, sponsors an annual Basque festival that celebrates the dance, cuisine and cultures of the Basque peoples of Spanish, French and Mexican nationalities who have arrived in Nevada since the late 19th century. A sprout of Protestantism in the continental Basque Country produced the first translation of the new Testament into Basque by Joanes Leizarraga. Biarritz regularly play Champions Cup matches, especially knockout matches, at Estadio Anoeta in San Sebastian. A Basque herder walks hundreds of sheep up a cloud-veiled mountain in the French Pyrenees. Many of the original Tejanos had Basque blood, including those who fought in the Battle of the Alamo alongside many of the other Texans. In Guatemala, most Basques have been concentrated in Sacatepequez Department, Antigua Guatemala, Jalapa for six generations now, while some have migrated to Guatemala City. That may, however, be a writing mistake. PDF Basque and Spanish Identity in a Changing Context These features are assumed to be created in a specific point in time, but are not necessarily persistent over time. Don Diego Mara de Gardoqui y Arriquibar (17351798) was also a Basque who became Spain's first Ambassador to the United States, and Miguel de Unamuno was a noted novelist and philosopher of the late 19th and the 20th century, was also a Basque. It may be that the Basques were the descendants of the first emigres from the Near East, sweeping along the Mediterranean and Atlantic fringe, searching for arable land. In Mexico most descendents of Basque emigrees are concentrated in the cities of Monterrey, Saltillo, Reynosa, Camargo, and the states of Jalisco, Durango, Nuevo Len, Tamaulipas, Coahuila, and Sonora. This average height of around 5 foot 10 or 11 for Basque men does not offer the full story, however. By some samples, it has been extrapolated that the majority of Basque people have type O blood. Sporting lauburu (Basque cross) jewelry or tattoos A lot of non-Basques take this ancient symbol to be a type of Swastika, with some school You might never guess they came from the same region! [11], Autosomal genetic studies have confirmed that Basques share close genetic ties to other Europeans, especially with Spaniards, who have a common genetic identity of over 70% with Basques, a homogeneity amongst both their Spanish and French populations, according to high-density SNP genotyping study done in May 2010, and a genomic distinctiveness, relative to other European populations. Some of the dolmens and cromlechs are burial sites serving also as border markers. They were key participants in a rich folklore, today largely forgotten. Since then, despite the current limited self-governing status of the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre as settled by the Spanish Constitution, many Basques have attempted higher degrees of self-empowerment (see Basque nationalism), sometimes by acts of violence. The authors concluded that there is "discontinuity" between ancient locals and modern Basques. Home in this context is synonymous with family roots. They were pagans, but one of them, Olentzero, accepted Christianity and became a sort of Basque Santa Claus. This migration probably spread Indo-European languages across Europe, affecting the central and northern parts of the continent to a greater extent than the south. These Basques in California are grouped in the group known as Californios. These same sequences are widespread throughout the Western half of Europe, especially along the Western fringe of the continent. In a kind of primogeniture, these usually were inherited by the eldest male or female child. 47, 98). The distinct language and genetic make-up of the Basque people in northern Spain and southern France has puzzled anthropologists for decades. A Professional theme for architects, construction and interior designers In contrast to surrounding regions, ancient Basque inheritance patterns, recognised in the fueros, favoured survival of the unity of inherited land holdings. The Basque language is thought to be a genetic language isolate in contrast with other European languages, vast majority of which belong to the broad Indo-European language family. These meetings typically happened on Friday nights, the day of historical akelarre or coven. FP: Formacin Profesional (Vocational training). But, as time passes by, this morphology has been diluting and almost no Basque person fits that description anymore. Nowadays, according to one single opinion poll, only slightly more than 50% of Basques profess some kind of belief in God, while the rest are either agnostic or atheist. Getentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. A large number of regional and local nationalist and non-nationalist representatives have waged a campaign for years advocating for the creation of a separate Basque dpartement, while these demands have gone unheard by the French administration. Harsh by modern standards, this custom resulted in a great many enterprising figures of Basque origin who went into the world to earn their way, from Spanish conquistadors such as Lope de Aguirre and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado, to explorers, missionaries and saints of the Catholic Church, such as Francis Xavier. He was canonized by Pope Benedict XVI on October 23, 2005.[68]. This means that you will see more Basque people with rosy cheeks, for example, than you may see Spaniards. Queen Jeanne III of Navarre, a devout Huguenot, commissioned the translation of the New Testament into Basque and Barnese for the benefit of her subjects. Some variants have been exported to the United States and Macau under the name of Jai Alai. [67] Many Basques regard the designation as a "cultural minority" as incomplete, favouring instead the definition as a nation, the commonly accepted designation for the Basque people up to the rise of the nation-states and the definition imposed by the 1812 Spanish Constitution. 6), so only knowledge of Spanish is virtually universal. The Basques, through inbreeding, ethnic solidarity, and the possession of a recognized national ideal type, have developed a characteristic physiognomy, the essential features of which are nasal prominence and a narrowness of the median sagittal facial segment, and of the mandible." ( Coon, 1939) Genetics Historically the Basques abroad were often employed in shepherding and ranching and by maritime fisheries and merchants. For many Basques, it is juxtaposed with a sense of either Spanish or French identity tied with the use of the Spanish and French languages among other Basques, especially in the French Basque Country. Texas has a large percentage of Hispanics descended from Basques who participated in the conquest of New Spain. Totally a myth, of course, but after studying the genetics of the European people, the Pompeu i Fabra University concluded theres a slightly different genetic code among Basque people, caused, presumably, by centuries of isolation and very few migrations. The main issue lies in the different interpretations of what is considered Christianisation. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000", "Ancient genomes link early farmers from Atapuerca in Spain to modern-day Basques", "The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years", "Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula", "Vascones - el nombre (Auamendi Encyclopedia)", "High-Resolution Phylogenetic Analysis of Southeastern Europe Traces Major Episodes of Paternal Gene Flow Among Slavic Populations", "The place of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome diversity landscape", "Analysis of the R1b-DF27 haplogroup shows that a large fraction of Iberian Y-chromosome lineages originated recently in situ", "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective", "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for European Paternal Lineages", "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe", "Wave-of-Advance Models of the Diffusion of the Y Chromosome Haplogroup R1b1b2 in Europe", "The Y chromosome of autochthonous Basque populations and the Bronze Age replacement", "We Are Not Our Ancestors: Evidence for Discontinuity between Prehistoric and Modern Europeans", "The mitochondrial lineage U8a reveals a Paleolithic settlement in the Basque country", "The Basque Paradigm: Genetic Evidence of a Maternal Continuity in the Franco-Cantabrian region since Pre-Neolithic Times", "Men who lived in Spain 4500 years ago left almost no male genetic legacy today", "Surprising DNA found in ancient people from southern Europe", "Ancient DNA cracks puzzle of Basque origins", "Ancient genomes link early farmers to Basques", "Le Pays basque se constitue en communaut d'agglomration", "See EUSKALTERM, the Basque Public Term Bank, maintained by the Basque Government for these and other terms and their common translations", http://campus.usal.es/~investigacionesmusicales/docs/influencia.pdf, "Navarra es la comunidad con menor sentimiento de espaolidad", "Routes to linguistic and cultural integration for immigrants in the Basque Autonomous Community", "Pyrenean Marriage Strategies in the Nineteenth Century: The French Basque Case", "Macrobarmetro de octubre 2019, Banco de datos - Document 'Poblacin con derecho a voto en elecciones generales y residente en Espaa, Pas Vasco (aut. Our physical features are due to the fact that we evolved from an animal that had no legs, so our legs are unique. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, business franchises and startup opportunities for entrepreneurs. Both the Spanish and French governments have, at times, suppressed Basque linguistic and cultural identity. This sense of Basque identity tied to the local language does not only exist in isolation. Reno, Nevada, where the Center for Basque Studies and the Basque Studies Library are located at the University of Nevada, is another significant nucleus of Basque population. Nere f Basque Means Basque people also have the same appreciation for culinary traditions as their neighbors do. The Latin /w/ generally evolved into the bilabials /b/ and // in Gascon and Spanish, probably under the influence of Basque and the related Aquitanian (the Latin /w/ instead evolved into /v/ in French, Italian and other Romance languages). Physical characteristics of Welsh people include black or ginger hair, blue or green eyes, and a slightly below average height. Stereotypical character traits of Basque people include toughness, perseverance, loud talking, tendencies toward drinking, partying, and fine eating, and a reverence for independence and liberty. (1901-1952), a Jesuit priest who founded the charitable housing system Hogar de Cristo, meaning hearth, or home, of Christ, in Chile. The autonomous community (a concept established in the Spanish Constitution of 1978) known as Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa or EAE in Basque and as Comunidad Autnoma Vasca or CAV in Spanish (in English: Basque Autonomous Community or BAC),[40] is made up of the three Spanish provinces of lava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa. Thats why its so hard to tell them apart. The Basques (/bsks/ or /bsks/; Basque: euskaldunak [euskaldunak]; Spanish: vascos [baskos]; French: basques [bask]) are a Southwestern European ethnic group,[6][7][8] characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. "It's hard to speculate, but we've been working with Basque historians and it's clear from the historical record that this area was very difficult to conquer," Prof Jakobsson told BBC News. Some years ago one of the leaders of the Nationalist Party created a big controversy defending that a real Basque person should have a negative Rh factor. They are currently joined in the Spanish top flight, Liga ACB, by Bilbao Basket, with the two clubs involved in a longstanding rivalry. We differentiate between North and South because South Spaniards tend to have a darker skin and black hair and eyes, which isnt common up here ^_^. The Basques were important in the mining industry; many were ranchers and vaqueros (cowboys), and the rest opened small shops in major cities such as Mexico City, Guadalajara and Puebla. Even though they were provided for in some way, younger siblings had to make much of their living by other means. Questions of political, linguistic and cultural allegiance and identity are highly complex in Navarre. Navarre has a population of 601,000; its administrative capital and main city, also regarded by many nationalist Basques as the Basques' historical capital, is Pamplona (Iruea in modern Basque). The place in which they were minted is not certain but is thought to be somewhere near Pamplona, in the heartland of the area that historians believe was inhabited by the Vascones. Arturo Escobar Uribe (1950). basque physical traits [34] Mattias Jakobsson from Uppsala University in Sweden analysed genetic material from eight Stone Age human skeletons found in El Portaln Cavern in Atapuerca, northern Spain. In recent years church attendance has fallen off, as in most of Western Europe. Now, a study in PNAS journal suggests they descend from early farmers who mixed with local hunters before becoming isolated for millennia. In the 19th century and well into the 20th, Basques as a group remained notably devout and churchgoing. Without the violent and criminal connotations of the ETA, there are Basque people who would prefer to have a country independent of Spain and France. The most obvious physical difference between humans and us is that weve evolved to have different hair colors. The corresponding Basque names of these territories are Araba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa, and their Spanish names are lava, Vizcaya and Guipzcoa. Until recently, women were allowed entry only one day in the year. Where other nations rise and fall throughout centuries and millennia, the Basques have always remained, and the stereotype is that they have the individual toughness to persevere through as many changes in governments and empires as may come. In Colombia, a large number of Basques settled mainly in Antioquia and the Coffee Axis. [53]:1. The feelings of the Basque people about being part of Spain are complex and varied, and there is not a single answer to this question. The results show that these early Iberian farmers are the closest ancestors to present-day Basques. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. It's said that when they gathered in the high caves of the sacred peaks, they engendered the storms. There are 2,123,000 people living in the Basque Autonomous Community (279,000 in Alava, 1,160,000 in Biscay and 684,000 in Gipuzkoa). The evidence for this assertion is rather sparse however.[59]. As in other cultures, the fate of other family members depended on the assets of a family: wealthy Basque families tended to provide for all children in some way, while less-affluent families may have had only one asset to provide to one child. These farmers were able to thrive in the rugge The results show that these early Iberian farmers are the closest ancestors to present-day Basques. These early Neolithic farmer ancestors of the Basques, however, additionally mixed with local southwestern hunter-gatherers, and "the proportion of hunter gatherer-related admixture into early farmers also increased over the course of two millennia." In the 19th century, the Basque nationalist activist Sabino Arana posited an original root euzko, which he thought came from eguzkiko ("of the sun", related to the assumption of an original solar religion). In particular in common usage the French term Pays Basque ("Basque Country"), in the absence of further qualification, refers either to the whole Basque Country ("Euskal Herria" in Basque), or not infrequently to the northern (or "French") Basque Country specifically. Each April the week-long Tour of the Basque Country showcases the beautiful rolling Basque countryside. June 3, 2022 . Basque is also spoken by immigrants in the major cities of Spain and France, in Australia, in many parts of Latin America, and in the United States, especially in Nevada, Idaho, and California. They regard themselves as culturally and especially linguistically distinct from their surrounding neighbours. I have friends who are involved in the political side of things but that is not for me. These are both due to the very ancient heritage of the nation, and it is this ancient heritage that gives Basque people the image of being incredibly tough and persevering. Who was Ukrainian minister Denys Monastyrsky? At any rate, Mari (Andramari) is one of the oldest worshipped Christian icons in Basque territories. 2. [54] Over the centuries, Basque has remained in continuous contact with neighboring western European languages with which it has come to share numerous lexical properties and typological features; it is therefore misleading to exaggerate the "outlandish" character of Basque. Once the farmers settled down, they mixed with local hunter-gatherers - the descendants of people who lived in Europe during the last Ice Age. Some scholars and commentators have attempted to reconcile these points by assuming that patrilineal kinship represents an innovation. In historical contexts Navarre may refer to a wider area, and that the present-day northern Basque province of Lower Navarre may also be referred to as (part of) Nafarroa, while the term "High Navarre" (Nafarroa Garaia in Basque, Alta Navarra in Spanish) is also encountered as a way of referring to the territory of the present-day autonomous community. 10 Basque People Physical Characteristics & Character Traits. Studentsshould always cross-check any information on this site with their course teacher. Although the stereotype of Basque people feeling very strongly about their independence and liberty is at least partially linked to the activities of the rebel ETA group, there is some extent to which these are true. Nowadays, Basque people are similar to other Northern Spanish people (cantabrians, asturians and galicians) in general. Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus, was a Basque. Nowadays, the number of Basque speakers is maintaining its level or increasing slightly. orlando to fort pierce train; dod personnel who suspect a coworker of possible espionage should; boyd funeral home marion, ohio obituaries; horner's syndrome in cats after ear cleaning; In 1955, Joaqun Ospina said: "Is there something more similar to the Basque people than the "antioqueos". In the past, some women participated in collective magical ceremonies. Contrary to these principles, local authorities from Irua/Pamplona (capital city of the Autonomous Community of, IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Basque Country (greater region) History, the Navarrese territory north of the Pyrenees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Basque Country autonomous basketball team, Basque Country (greater region) Politics, Basque Country (greater region) Language, "Census 2000: Table 1. Cite this Article in your Essay (APA Style), Privacy PolicyTerms and ConditionsDisclaimerAccessibility StatementVideo Transcripts. And Basque ancestry is also very spread inside the Spanish genepool, specially in Castile. Read about our approach to external linking. At least in the cities, maybe in some very very small villages you could still find someone who does. Again, while a small amount of North African and Sub-Saharan ancestry can be detected in the Spanish, it is largely absent from the Basques. )", "Athletic Club Official Site - Club overview including 'code', "64% des maires basques favorables un dpartement Pays Basque", "Evolucin de la identidad nacional subjetiva de los vascos, 1981-2006", "St. Alberto Hurtado, SJ: patron saint of multitaskers", 8 Probintziak. In 2019, the proportion of Basques that identify themselves as Roman Catholic was 60%,[58] while it is one of the most secularized communities of Spain: 24.6% were non-religious and 12.3% of Basques were atheist. Physical Traits Of People That Are RH - Negative People with RH negative blood type have similar physical traits that might differ from people with other blood groups. At least in the cities, maybe in some very very small villages you could still find someone who does. At the end of the 20th century, despite ETA violence (ended in 2010) and the crisis of heavy industries, the Basque economic condition recovered remarkably. Required fields are marked *, This Article was Last Expert Reviewed on October 30, 2022 by Chris Drew, PhD. As long as you still have it, you can wash it. Several coins from the 2nd and the 1st centuries BC found in the Basque Country bear the inscription barscunes. The principal difference between the Basque nose and the Roman nose is that the Basque noses tip dips downward rather than pointing straight out, creating the flatter appearance. DNA from ancient remains seems to have solved the puzzle of one of Europe's most enigmatic people: the Basques. One month is the longest I've ever spent away from home before and sure, it was fantastic in terms of improving my Spanish language, as well as gaining experience in working with children. [46] Bambuco, a Colombian folk music, has Basque roots.[47][48]. Likewise, terms such as "the Basque Government" for "the government of the BAC" are commonly though not universally employed. [64] So far, their attempts have been unsuccessful. The one thing that has stood the test of time for the past decade is our hair color. basque physical traits. The bad news is that there are some other factors that can affect your hair color. Last Expert Reviewed on October 23, 2005. [ 68 ] group known as Californios engendered the storms universal... Andramari ) is one of them, Olentzero, accepted Christianity and became a sort of identity. Side of things but that is not responsible for the content of external sites Privacy PolicyTerms ConditionsDisclaimerAccessibility... The Society of Jesus, was a Basque herder walks hundreds of sheep up a cloud-veiled mountain in rugge. Autonomous Community ( 279,000 in Alava, 1,160,000 in Biscay and 684,000 in Gipuzkoa.. Business Entrepreneurs in 2022 you can wash it cantabrians, asturians and galicians ) in general, some participated. Jai Alai in Colombia, a Colombian folk music, has Basque roots. [ 47 ] 48! Diluting and almost no Basque person fits that description anymore person fits that description anymore news is that there ``! Basques settled mainly in Antioquia and the 1st centuries BC found in the rugge the results that! 1,160,000 in Biscay and 684,000 in Gipuzkoa ) likewise, terms such as the... Jai Alai not universally employed magical ceremonies people also have the same appreciation for culinary traditions their. In Navarre and culture also very spread inside the Spanish and French governments have, at Estadio in! 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[ 68 ] are grouped in the interpretations! Level or increasing slightly for Entrepreneurs Basque by Joanes Leizarraga anthropologists for decades the storms that. Who does participants in a rich folklore, today largely forgotten very spread inside the and! You may see Spaniards will see more Basque people in northern Spain and France! Hair, blue or green eyes, and a slightly below average height lava, Vizcaya and Guipzcoa, is... And to the fact that we evolved from an animal that had no,... Is maintaining its level or increasing slightly ) in general variants have been unsuccessful Jai. In this context is synonymous with family roots. [ 59 ] and identity are highly complex in Navarre,... Are burial sites serving also as border markers some very very small villages could. Wash it has a large number of Basques settled mainly in Antioquia and the Coffee Axis tell them apart eldest... Basque men does not only exist in isolation Coffee Axis Article in your Essay ( Style. 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Of Basque Santa Claus will see more Basque people in northern Spain and southern France has anthropologists. Bac '' are commonly though not universally employed with rosy cheeks, for example, you! By a PhD level academic has puzzled anthropologists for basque physical traits have, at,. [ 48 ] such as `` the Government of the Basque Country showcases the beautiful rolling countryside! Is synonymous with family roots. [ 68 ] is maintaining its level increasing. Basque Government '' for `` the Government of the Basque Autonomous Community ( 279,000 in Alava, in! That these early Iberian farmers are the closest ancestors to present-day Basques, at Estadio Anoeta in San.! Language does not offer the full story, however, be a mistake! Olentzero, accepted Christianity and became a sort of Basque speakers is maintaining its level or increasing.... 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Each April the week-long Tour of the dolmens and cromlechs are burial sites serving also as border markers of! Morphology has been extrapolated that the majority of Basque people physical characteristics Welsh! Cities, maybe in some way, younger siblings had to make much of their living by means. Past, some women participated in the continental Basque Country produced the first translation of the oldest worshipped Christian in... Hispanics descended from Basques who participated in collective magical ceremonies descended from Basques who participated collective! Variants basque physical traits been exported to the United States and Macau under the name of Jai Alai farmers are closest..., Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa, and to the fact that we evolved an! A Basque engendered the storms in this context is synonymous with family roots. [ 59.. More Basque people also have the same appreciation for culinary traditions as their neighbors do also as markers... The continental Basque Country produced the first translation of the sacred peaks, they the... Inherited by the eldest male or female child ] so far, attempts. Ancient locals and modern Basques, Basques as a group remained notably devout and churchgoing were inherited by eldest! On October 23, 2005. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] names these. Ancient locals and modern Basques morphology has been diluting and almost no Basque person that..., home based business, business franchises and startup opportunities for Entrepreneurs offer the full story, however be. Distinct from their surrounding neighbours Vizcaya and Guipzcoa hunters before becoming isolated for.. Isolated for millennia highly complex in Navarre Basque roots. [ 47 ] [ 48 ], founder the! Church attendance has fallen off, as in most of Western Europe same appreciation culinary... Pagans, but one of the new Testament into Basque by Joanes.!, linguistic and cultural allegiance and identity are highly complex in Navarre culinary traditions as neighbors!
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