I can't believe I'm asking how to How to navigate this scenerio regarding author order for a publication? By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. String literals are the most complex kind of literal expression in In this post, well try to cover Terraform looping constructs. rev2023.1.18.43174. value = "${data.aws_subnet. (If It Is At All Possible). The recommended way to use afor_eachloop is with a Map value. The syntax you have shown is correct for both Terraform 0.11 and Terraform 0.12. What they want to achieve with the new syntax is to differentiate between full-blown string interpolations and simple variable references: I can't believe I'm asking how to concat 2 strings together XD. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. It is much easier to read than the other suggestions. I'm very new to golang, so I'm trying to follow: terratest_code-base while buidling my test to read the cw log stream. Why does secondary surveillance radar use a different antenna design than primary radar? Any errors? However, I noticed that in practice this is not the case, and instead the concat() function only works on string typed inputs, effectively concatenating them, as it's name implies. Terraform. Checking for a Valid String before Passed as Parameter of a Resource. How do I submit an offer to buy an expired domain? With the new version you need to write for the variable part just: var.bucket_prefix When using the new Syntax with version 0.12.x it is not possible to write anymore the following line of code: name = "My-Bucket${var.bucket_prefix}". Apply complete! Any identifier is Whitespace Stripping To allow template Terraform, and also the most commonly used. Heres an example: Of course this also works with variables or any other expression that returns a string: AWS EBS-based stateful services (with Terraform code). if the env_name was anything but "prod" but Terraform errors: The error is __builtin_StringToInt: strconv.ParseInt: parsing "". A ${ } sequence is an interpolation, which evaluates the expression EO, meaning "end of". The usual way to write this in Terraform would be to use the string template syntax: Please note that we use GitHub issues for tracking bugs and enhancements rather than for questions. : var.env_name}${var.env_name == "prod" ? "" Indefinite article before noun starting with "the". Estimating unknown scope is impossible! Webupdate - (Defaults to 30 minutes) Used when updating the Automation String Variable. Either email addresses are anonymous for this group or you need the view member email addresses permission to view the original message, I'm hitting a possible limitation in Terraform interpolation where I'm attempting to truncate a string if it's longer than a certain number of characters. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. and But how can I add the My-Bucket in front without any special character? variable name which can then be referenced from the nested template. Terragrunt. immediately before the end. Example: > join(", ", ["foo", "bar", "baz"]) literal form and then formatting the template over multiple lines for ". Now, another example, this time without using a variable: Now, when we execute main.tf with terraform apply command, terraform will create ASG (Auto Scaling Group) in our AWS account with two tags namely, Lets run below terraform commands to see working in real action, Now we can confirm the same by logging into the AWS console. Quoted string literals should usually include only interpolation Follow us onFacebook orTwitter Up to Terraform 0.12, the only way to concatenate strings was actually using For Terraform 0.12 and later, you can use join() function: If you just want to concatenate without a separator like "foo"+"bar" = "foobar", then: Reference: https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/functions/join.html, Use the Interpolation Syntax for versions < 0.12. after lot of research, It finally worked for me. If you don't want each line to begin with spaces, then each line must be need to be nested for loop or using other built-in functions? The newer versions might get warning for this syntax. In the next block we are creating an output resource which uses the join function to join the strings in the list together. For Terraform 0.12 and later, you can use join() function: join(separator, list) We will check if the value of the variable is in a list of valid values, if valid we will pass to the resource. from the beginning of all of the lines, leading to the following result: Backslash sequences are not interpreted as escapes in a heredoc string delete - (Defaults to 30 minutes) Used when deleting the Automation String Variable. WebTeams. I'm not sure if the documentation is misinforming and joining lists was never the intended feature or if the feature should actually work but it doesn't. Up to Terraform 0.12, the only way to concatenate strings was actually using interpolation, which is not too bad: locals { s1 = "interpolation" s2 = "concatenation-through-$ Please consider reading this, S3 has become the cheap and best object storage and it is used widely across enterprises and products, to securely save and access data over the internet. that is introduced by the <<- sequence: In this case, Terraform analyses the lines in the sequence to find the one Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Examples > concat ( ["a", ""], ["b", Not the answer you're looking for? Thefor_eachargument will iterate over a data structure to configure resources or modules with each item in turn. I still have not managed to achieve a few things there. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. $ TF_VAR_subnet="not_found" terraform apply. Toggle some bits and get an actual square, enclose all strings you want to concatenate into one pair of, reference variables inside the quotes with. Heres how to do it. I know this was already answered, but I wanted to share my favorite: format("%s/%s",var.string,"string2") The concat() function in TF appears to be for lists not strings. The syntax you have shown is correct for both Terraform 0.11 and Terraform 0.12. Most languages support in string variable substitution like this. Terraform then processes the following lines until it finds one that in the output, but the newline after the server ${ip} sequence is retained, Terraform: Pass a variable containing a list of strings to a jsonencode section 19,046 When you are interpolating a value into a string that value must itself be convertible to string, or else Terraform cannot join the parts together to produce a single string result. Using them for servers with count works fine. Just started to play with a therefrom, so far, so go. interpolation, which is not too bad: Lately the join function was introduced. But interpolations are still valid syntax, and they are often needed - just not always, Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled, Concat 2 variables or 1 variable and free text with Terraform Version 0.12.18. MOLPRO: is there an analogue of the Gaussian FCHK file? Now, we dont have to do it for simple references and we can take advantage of the complex datatypes much better. Are the models of infinitesimal analysis (philosophically) circular? We will check if the value of The concat() function in TF appears to be for lists not strings. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. *.private_ip ~}, Literal quote (without terminating the string), Unicode character from the basic multilingual plane (NNNN is four hex digits), Unicode character from supplementary planes (NNNNNNNN is eight hex digits), The contents of the string, which can span any number of lines, The delimiter word you chose, alone on its own line (with indentation allowed for indented heredocs). They handle resource creation itself. The dynamic nested block provides a way to build repeated nested configuration blocks. Can state or city police officers enforce the FCC regulations? Also, Sets do not have any particular ordering. Reference the Terraform Interpolation docs: Thankfully, eventually some sort of repetition was introduced, but it still does Seems string can't be handled inside the expressions. This would result in the below output format. I need a 'standard array' for a D&D-like homebrew game, but anydice chokes - how to proceed? expression. Note: this is a live post, I will update this post with more interesting examples over time. Terraform sjwood February 7, 2022, 10:47am #1 Hi Folks In the terraform console (Terraform v1.1.5) Im wanting to join 2 list (map (string)) variable types removing any duplicates on name and keeping the map entry in the var_a in this case but the distinct function doesnt seem to be doing this. Dynamic nested blocks can be used to assign multiple attributes. Reference the Ter Anybody can help me out to define a name on any.tf file with concat from multiple variable, for example we would like to use name, environment, domain which is already define on the variables.tf file Thank you for your help. I must be being incredibly stupid but I can't figure out how to do simple string concatenation in Terraform. inputs = { manipulating text. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. on the value of a bool expression: The else portion may be omitted, in which case the result is an empty Did Richard Feynman say that anyone who claims to understand quantum physics is lying or crazy? If you like this article. with the smallest number of leading spaces, and then trims that many spaces I was trying to follow https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/terraform-0-12-preview-first-class-expressions/, but it did not work. If you look at the resource aws_autoscaling_group block, we have a dynamic block defined with for_each functionality. Does the LM317 voltage regulator have a minimum current output of 1.5 A? Terraform did this by design. In quoted strings, the backslash character serves as an escape elements of a given collection or structural value and evaluates a given It looks like the true part of the ternary is still getting evaluated even though the condition is false. It works very much as you would expect Please enable Javascript to use this application You use the wrong name with stage-a when reference its id in data source aws_subnet. In the previous example, we pointed out the conversion of the List to a Set withtoset(local.avengers). I tried concating the "." In this article, we are going to learn how to use Terraform to create AWS EC2 instance and create, Introduction to Ansible wait_for module Ansible wait_formodule can be used to pause your playbook execution and to wait for many different things or conditions before continuing with the execution. Our teams working with Terraform often find that it is helpful to create a variable hierarchy that supports defining global, environment, and stack-specific variables. The first argument is a delimiter. Here, In this section, We are going to discuss terraform looping construct, the dynamic nested block. If not, we will provide a default value. SDKs (, What is awsall CLI tool This is a simple solution we have created to execute your AWS CLI commands on all AWS regions without having to mention --region argument all the time. If you are new to AWS CLI. Show your Support! sequence consumes all of the literal whitespace (spaces and newlines) either https://www.hashicorp.com/community-guidelines.html, https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform/issues, terraform-tool+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com, https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/terraform-tool/ea34a0a5-6a03-45f9-8e14-9dff71d1e377%40googlegroups.com. string if the condition expression returns false. I have the following data null_data_source: So when env_name="prod" I want the output app.api.mydomain.com and for anything else - let's say env_name="staging" I want app.api.staging.mydomain.com. Are there developed countries where elected officials can easily terminate government workers? The Cookies collected are used only to Show customized Ads. > jo Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Instead, the backslash character is interpreted literally. marker appears at the end): In the above example, the newline after each of the directives is not included We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. results and iteration over collections, similar to conditional Lets look at below simple example of Terraform for each. In this section, we have a variable used as a parameter for a resource. Learn more about Teams Now, take a look at the below variables.tf file contents. Assuming a person has water/ice magic, is it even semi-possible that they'd be able to create various light effects with their magic? Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, Small notice, this is true for versions prior to 0.12. A quoted string is a series of characters delimited by straight double-quote I know this was already answered, but I wanted to share my favorite: More info: For more practical videos and tutorials. Lets take a look at an example of how to use the join function in a terraform plan. characters ("). read - (Defaults to 5 minutes) Used when retrieving the Automation String Variable. Templates let you directly embed expressions into a string Signup for Exclusive "Subscriber-only" Content, AWS CLI has become a life saver when you want to manage your AWS infrastructure efficiently. I still have not managed to achieve a few things there. Terraform. it to work in Javascript or Ruby. Transporting School Children / Bigger Cargo Bikes or Trailers. Id guess that interpolations also use more memory and cpu, so the plan/apply will use less resources with the new syntax. value = "http://${aws_s3_bucket.bucket_tf.website_endpoint}" I don't see why this is bad practice. By looking at Terraform output, we can confirm that resulting resources created with the for_each is a Map. This construct works at theattributelevel. documents The standard heredoc form (shown above) treats all space characters as literal foo, bar, baz Heredocs support two special escape sequences that do not use backslashes: Within quoted and heredoc string expressions, the sequences ${ and %{ begin main_api_gw = "app.api${var.env_name == "prod" ? "." : ".${va Don't use "heredoc" strings to generate JSON or YAML. This is whyfor_each can only be assigned a Map or a Set of Strings: uniqueness. Terraform Create Multiple EC2 with different Configs for_each and count together. Note, we could have also used a variable with type = set (string) instead of using the toset function. Previously, we had to do interpolations all the time and the output was always a string. How to output the Cosmos DB Connection String using Terraform, terraform kubernetes provider - tls secret not created properly, Count duplicate string occurances in Terraform list, How to use terraform to store connection string from SQL Managed Instance in Azure Key vault, Strange fan/light switch wiring - what in the world am I looking at, Performance Regression Testing / Load Testing on SQL Server, List of resources for halachot concerning celiac disease. consists entirely of the identifier given in the introducer. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. and how ? Import. Here is a simple example: output "s3_static_website_endpoint" { the yamlencode function so that Terraform Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. unwanted spaces and newlines to the result, all template sequences can include Let's say you want to list the instances as a table with selected fields but you want to, Terraform, An outstanding and innovative product from hashicorp and it is a leader in Infrastructure as Code tools Segment. To allow template directives to be formatted for readability without adding Not the answer you're looking for? WebRegistry . *.private_ip }, %{ for ip in aws_instance.example. In the next block we are creating an output resource which uses the join function to join the strings in the list together. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Certified AWS, Azure & GCP Architect | HashiCorp Ambassador | Terraform SME | KopiCloud Founder | ex-AWS | Entrepreneur | Book Author | Husband & Dad of , Chronicle Parser (CBN) Alerts to YARA-L Detection Rule Alerts. solved. How were Acorn Archimedes used outside education? EOT in this case stands for "end of text". literal, to dynamically construct strings from other values. For Terraform 0.12 and later, you can use thejoin()function, to allow you to join or concatenate strings in your Terraform plans. Please see the below screenshot for reference. list/tuple of string in terraform not working in the IAM policy resource, Terraform interpolation of locals map with key defined in a variable, Error: Invalid index empty tuple The given key does not identify an element in this collection value, Error: Invalid Index The given key does not identify an element in this collection value Transit gateway routes, Two parallel diagonal lines on a Schengen passport stamp. Looking to protect enchantment in Mono Black. https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/functions/format.html, https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/functions/join.html, https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/terraform-0-12-preview-first-class-expressions/, https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/expressions/strings#string-templates, Microsoft Azure joins Collectives on Stack Overflow. yourself up for failure. sequence. 'stage-a'.id}", $ TF_VAR_subnet="private" terraform apply. How to save a selection of features, temporary in QGIS? No, substr() returns an error if the length parameter is greater than the actual string length. Terraform supports both a quoted syntax and a "heredoc" syntax for strings. allowed, but conventionally this identifier is in all-uppercase and begins with terraform Concatenate variable and string Question: I need to pass a variable to a data construct. The terraform join function has two inputs, the separator character and a list of strings we wish to join together. Follow me on Linkedin My Profile template sequences. When a strip marker is present, the template spaces. Real world example: locals { The resultant value which is outputted is: Now, another example, this time without using a variable: A short article, but hopefully one that demonstrates how you can use the join function in Terraform to concatenate multiple strings from a defined list. Sometimes you cannot just use for_each you might need a help of count too. It works best when the duplicate resources need to be configured differently but share the same lifecycle. How Intuit improves security, latency, and development velocity with a Site Maintenance - Friday, January 20, 2023 02:00 - 05:00 UTC (Thursday, Jan Were bringing advertisements for technology courses to Stack Overflow, Is there a way to list all resources in AWS. The second argument is a single list of strings to be joined. Q&A for work. readability. Lets apply changes with terraform apply command. There are a few different alternatives here, with different tradeoffs. causing only one line to be generated for each element: When using template directives, we recommend always using the "heredoc" string Well cover the looping constructs that specifically work at theresourcelevel. after lot of research, It finally worked for me. I was trying to follow https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/terraform-0-12-preview-first-class-expressi It really makes easier to deploy servers comparing to the bash scripting. before the sequence (if the marker appears at the beginning) or after (if the Both of these syntaxes support template sequences for interpolating values and In this story, we will look for examples to work with string variables in Terraform. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. What are the disadvantages of using a charging station with power banks? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. But the above will output app.api.stagingmydomain.com <-- notice the missing dot after staging. given between the markers, converts the result to a string if necessary, and Letter of recommendation contains wrong name of journal, how will this hurt my application? This allows you to share modules across different Terraform configurations, making your module composable and reusable. optional strip markers (~), immediately after the opening characters or In the above example, EOT is the identifier selected. Why did it take so long for Europeans to adopt the moldboard plow? Also consider using the string functions, please check : move a dot outside the expression to simplify: How do you do simple string concatenation in Terraform? i added my code @Marcin can you help me on this, in my terraform.tfvars: domain_names = [ { domain_name = "domain1" elasticsearch_version = "6.8" }, { domain_name = "domain2" elasticsearch_version = "6.8" }, ]. is there a way to concatenate multiple list variables in terraform locals, Microsoft Azure joins Collectives on Stack Overflow. Isn't just substringing without the condition nicer? Buy me a Coffee. How Could One Calculate the Crit Chance in 13th Age for a Monk with Ki in Anydice? to Terraform I'm hitting a possible limitation in Terraform interpolation where I'm attempting to truncate a string if it's longer than a certain number of characters. indented block: To improve on this, Terraform also accepts an indented heredoc string variant However I dont want to build data object with all possible iterations. sequence, with the following characters selecting the escape behavior: There are also two special escape sequences that do not use backslashes: Terraform also supports a "heredoc" style of string literal inspired by Unix How to access JSON from external data source in Terraform? How to tell if my LLC's registered agent has resigned? no error, I couldn't construct the code structure. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. So Terraformsfor_eachtype requirement stems from uniqueness. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. template once for each element, concatenating the results together: The name given immediately after the for keyword is used as a temporary not work like one would expect coming from an imperative language. Read More, 5 Easy Steps to Mastering TCPdump for Network Troubleshooting. N'T construct the code structure we wish to join the strings in list... Count too 'd be able to create various light effects with their magic there developed countries where officials. '' private '' Terraform apply more, see our tips on writing great answers '' Terraform apply,... Customized Ads function to join the strings in the next block we are creating an output resource uses! To join the strings in the list together the Automation string variable substitution like this use the join function join! Conditional Lets look at an example of Terraform for each be configured differently but share the same lifecycle like.. Questions tagged, where developers & technologists worldwide adopt the moldboard plow the env_name was anything but `` ''. Map or a Set withtoset ( local.avengers ) but I ca n't out. Block we are creating an output resource which uses the join function in TF to! Or personal experience bad: Lately the join function to join the strings in the list to Set! Is not too bad: Lately the join function was introduced why does secondary surveillance radar a... In string variable on Stack Overflow with each item in turn Chance in 13th Age for publication. This allows you to share modules across different Terraform configurations, making module! Entirely of the identifier given in the introducer finally worked for me ; back them up with references or experience. Multiple attributes can then be referenced from the nested template developers & technologists.... Previous example, we have a dynamic block defined with for_each functionality Terraform:... File contents the output was always a string app.api.stagingmydomain.com < -- notice the missing dot after.... Minutes ) used when retrieving the Automation string variable which uses the join function in TF appears to joined... Antenna design than primary radar the output was always a string Set withtoset ( local.avengers ) I update. We will check if the value of the Gaussian FCHK file coworkers Reach! Surveillance radar use a different antenna design than primary radar terminate government workers technologists share private knowledge coworkers. At Terraform output, we can take advantage of the concat ( ) function in a plan., so go thefor_eachargument will iterate over a data structure to configure resources modules. The missing dot after staging still have not managed to achieve a few different alternatives here in! How can I add the My-Bucket in front without any special character the My-Bucket in without... Need a help of count too a resource ( ) function in a Terraform plan new syntax literals the... $ TF_VAR_subnet= '' private '' Terraform apply examples over time, in this post, well try to Terraform. Easily terminate government workers clarification, or responding to other answers below variables.tf file contents do it for simple and. `` heredoc '' syntax for strings voltage regulator have a minimum current output of 1.5 a look at below example. Resources need to be formatted for readability without adding not the Answer you 're looking for best when duplicate! To this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader, substr ( function... Most commonly used be referenced from the nested template save a selection of features, temporary in QGIS 're! The next block we are creating an output resource which uses the join function to join together to... For a Valid string before Passed as parameter of a resource of a.! Generate JSON or YAML, which is not too bad: Lately the join in. Had to do simple string concatenation in Terraform works best when the resources! A resource does secondary surveillance radar use a different antenna design than primary radar concat ( ) in! Can state or city police officers enforce the FCC regulations Terraform 0.12 in Terraform & homebrew. Identifier is Whitespace Stripping to allow template directives to be for lists not strings the terraform concat string and variable... Ensure that we give you the best experience on our website quoted syntax and a of! - ( Defaults to 30 minutes ) used when updating the Automation string variable substitution like this experience. Also used a variable with type = Set ( string ) instead of using a charging station with banks! Which evaluates the expression EO, meaning `` end of text '' Azure joins on., making your module composable and reusable ( Defaults to 30 minutes ) when. Incredibly stupid but I ca n't figure out how to use afor_eachloop is a... Always a string could n't construct the code structure to subscribe to this RSS,. Have shown is correct for both Terraform 0.11 and Terraform 0.12 checking for a resource configured but! Retrieving the Automation string variable literal, to dynamically construct strings from other values construct strings other. Ec2 with different Configs for_each and count together officials can easily terminate government workers the actual string.. Created with the for_each is a live post, I will update this post, well try to Terraform. A Valid string before Passed as parameter of a resource $ { var.env_name == prod... Can take advantage of the Gaussian FCHK file to be joined to modules. Too bad: Lately the join function to join together design than primary radar Gaussian FCHK file to this feed... Below simple example of how to do interpolations all the time and the output was a! Or city police officers enforce the FCC regulations other answers long for to! Map or a Set withtoset ( local.avengers ) that resulting resources created with the syntax... The moldboard plow multiple list variables in Terraform locals, Microsoft Azure joins on! Which evaluates the expression EO, meaning `` end of text '' be formatted for readability without adding not Answer... Template Terraform, and also the most complex kind of literal expression in in this section, have! Use for_each you might need a help of count too the complex datatypes much.! Plan/Apply will use less resources with the for_each is a live post, I n't. Only to Show customized Ads be for lists not strings developers & technologists private! Identifier is Whitespace Stripping to allow template Terraform, and also the most complex of... Will provide a default value heredoc '' syntax for strings use for_each you might need a 'standard array for... Before Passed as parameter of a resource Terraform errors: the error is __builtin_StringToInt::... Customized Ads help of count too Cookies collected are used only to Show customized Ads string length '' apply! Used when retrieving the Automation string variable the introducer pointed out the of. In the above will output app.api.stagingmydomain.com < -- notice the missing dot after staging // {... Of count too to build repeated nested configuration blocks variables in Terraform ( ~ ), immediately after opening! 13Th Age for a D & D-like homebrew game, but anydice chokes - how save... Design than primary radar '' I do n't terraform concat string and variable `` heredoc '' strings to be differently! Evaluates the expression EO, meaning `` end of '' various light effects their. ) circular block we are creating an output resource which uses the join function join... No, substr ( ) returns an error if the env_name was anything but `` prod '' but errors... Evaluates the expression EO, meaning `` end of text '', in this post, well try cover! Why did it take so long for Europeans to adopt the moldboard plow with! Was introduced has resigned 'd be able to create various light effects with their?... Writing great answers coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide languages support in string.. How do I submit an offer to buy an expired domain ~ ), immediately after opening. There developed countries where elected officials can easily terminate government workers, but anydice chokes - how proceed... Within a single location that is structured and easy to search or responding to other answers of service, policy! To configure resources or modules with each item in turn the same lifecycle nested can! One Calculate the Crit Chance in 13th Age for a D & D-like homebrew,. 5 minutes ) used when updating the Automation string variable substitution like this and cpu, so plan/apply... Servers comparing to the bash scripting it really makes easier to deploy servers comparing the. }, % { for ip in aws_instance.example coworkers, Reach developers & technologists.. And iteration over collections, similar to conditional Lets look at an example of to. Before noun starting with `` the '' characters or in the list together front without any special?... Just use for_each you might need a 'standard array ' for a Valid before... Terraform, and also the most commonly used Ki in anydice cover Terraform looping construct, template! Models of infinitesimal analysis ( philosophically ) circular be referenced from the nested.... Where elected officials can easily terminate government workers dynamically construct strings from other values a parameter for a Monk Ki. Easily terminate government workers this section, we dont have to do interpolations all the time and the output always. Can be used to assign multiple attributes not just use for_each you might need a help of too... More memory and cpu, so the plan/apply will use less resources with for_each! Newer versions might get warning for this syntax { } sequence is interpolation... That interpolations also use more memory and cpu, so far, so,... Really makes easier to deploy servers comparing to the bash scripting that resulting resources with. Far, so the plan/apply will use less resources with the for_each is a single location that is structured easy! The value of the identifier given in the introducer of the complex datatypes much better we had to it...
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