This trend varied by ethnic group and reduction in the number of arrests was more pronounced for White (-35%) and Black (-33%) children. In certain instances, data has been used for years that are not impacted by restrictions but in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Controlling for offence mix across ethnic groups showed reduced disparity in Average Custodial Sentence Lengths and Custody Rates. Drug offences accounted for 21% of all prosecutions and 22% of all convictions for all indictable offences in 2020. Previously, these officers have been counted under the Chinese or Other ethnic group. Black suspects had the highest proportion of arrests that resulted from stop and search, accounting for 23% of total arrests, which has increased from 17% in 2016/17. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who reported as victims of a CSEW personal crime by ethnic group, England and Wales 2015/16 and 2019/20[footnote 12]. Limitations of Current Statistical Information The police in all States and Terri-tories are a major source of crime statistics, but these statistics refer only to crimes reported to and/or detected by police. , Concordance rates are calculated by dividing the number of those who were recommended to receive a sentence disposal and did receive it, by all those who were recommended to receive it. A 21% decrease was seen in requirements started under suspended sentence orders. The ethnicity of prisoners varied across age groups, with a higher proportion of younger prisoners being from minority ethnic groups (53% of under 18-year olds). 1037 1037 0 1243-206. The 2001 Census ethnicity question included Mixed ethnicity; this made the question more acceptable and relevant, though one downside was that it made it hard to compare with 1991 Census results, for some groups. Figure 3.02: Homicides currently recorded by location of homicide and ethnic appearance of victim: England and Wales, combined data for 2017/18 to 2019/20. In accordance with Principle 2 of the Code of Practice for Official Statistics, the Ministry of Justice is required to publish transparent guidance on its policy for revisions. The proportion of White, Black and Asian offenders that received an oral parole hearing in the year ending March 2021 remained relatively stable with a range of 54-57% receiving a release result, 11-12% remain in open prison estate, and 30-35% refusal of release. Sharp and Budd (2005) pointed out that the O ffending, Crime and Justice survey of 2003, conducted . Data Access and Compliance Unit. The most frequent method of killing in homicides with Asian victims was Strangulation (38%), closely followed by sharp instrument (35%). To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. These provide criminologists, the police and the media with two types of data. The HMI Prisons Annual Report 2020-21 identifies differences in reported prison experiences between racial groups[footnote 52][footnote 53]. In 2020/21, White suspects accounted for 76% of arrests, 10% were for Black suspects, 8% were for Asian suspects, 4% were for Mixed ethnicity suspects and 2% were for Other ethnicity suspects. over the 7 years covered, the percentage of White people who said they were victims of crime went down from 17% to 13%. See police activity chapter for more information on stop and searches. Reasons for searches that resulted in arrest[footnote 28]. This is the largest decrease in the proportion of White practitioners of all the CJS organisations. Racial discrimination in America has a significant implication on crime in the region. This overall trend is influenced by the higher number of stop and searches carried out in London, where stop and search arrests accounted for 26% of total arrests, which has increased from 17% in 2016/17. Asian and mixed‐race people are also over‐represented in the prison population; yet white people who represent 88.3% of the population only make up 73.8% of the prison population. The Black ethnic group had the highest proportion of young offenders with SEN at 79%, combining SEN with statement and without statement. Proportions of defendants prosecuted for production, supply and intent to supply varied by year, with Black, Asian and Mixed defendants accounting for the highest proportions of defendants for Class A drugs (each 30% in 2020), while the Chinese or Other ethnic group accounted for t , See Appendix II for concordance in ethnicity reporting between these sources, More information on Relative Rate Indexes can be found in the technical guide. Violence against the person offences have accounted for the largest proportion of total arrests (where ethnicity is known) since 2017/18, at 42% in 2020/21. , Ethnicity was known for 99.29% of prisoners in England and Wales on 30th June 2020. For this reason, comparisons over time for the Asian and Other ethnic group should be made with caution. Individuals from the Black ethnic group also had the lowest proportion of suspended sentences, at 14% in 2020. , Data are self-declared from Home Office, as at March 2021, some small discrepancies may result from revisions of data for previous years compared to figures here. In 2020, 40% of White defendants were remanded in custody compared to 51% of Chinese or Other and 49% of Black defendants. In most instances data are presented in terms of calendar years (up to 2020) and financial years (up to 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5-year period. The ethnicity classification used in each section is referenced throughout. In 2020, White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate for sexual offences, at 95%. , Data for stop and searches is published by Home Office in Stop and search open data tables, Stop and searches under s60 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 accounted for approximately 1% of all stop and searches (s1 and s60) in the latest year. Asian offenders had a longer ACSL for drug offences compared to all other ethnic groups, which ranged from 31.8 to 39.8 months. ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020ashtoreth worship practices. Ethnicity 9 2.2 Arrests 9 2.3 Transferred or cancelled records 12 Outcomes 12 2.4 Trends over time 13 2.5 Police Force Areas (PFA) 15 2.6 London 17 Will McMahon and Rebecca Robert The proportions of ethnic groups in the prison population has remained stable across the past 5 years. Figure 7.07: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for children, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. Figure 8.03: Sentencing outcomes for possession of weapons offences, by ethnicity, 2020. Despite this, only 49% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups felt that they had been kept safe from the virus, in comparison to 65% of White prisoners. Figure 8.01: Comparison of ACSL before and after controlling for offence mix, all indictable offences, 2020, England and Wales. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: The most common sentence given for indictable offences across all ethnic groups was immediate custody, accounting for 35% of all offenders sentenced in 2020 (where ethnicity is known). Similarly, a higher proportion of Black young offenders (83%) had been recorded as being suspended, compared to White (79%), Asian (74%) and Other (74%) offenders[footnote 80]. Similarly, prisoners of Mixed ethnic groups made up 12% of all prisoners under 18, yet only accounting for 5% of the entire prison population. 428 434-6 448-20. , Arrests analysis excludes Lancashire as they could not supply complete data for 2017/18. Where young offenders were received a custodial sentence of more than 12 months, Black and Asian children had a higher proportion of SEN, without statement, at 72% and 74% respectively, compared to White children, at 59%. Fast Forward to the 21st century, and the criminological debate about race and crime now centred on the involvement of Black young people in street gangs. A larger proportion of White defendants (24%) received representation at magistrates court compared to all other ethnic groups, with the lowest proportion at 16% for Asian defendants. In 2020, White male and female offenders had the shortest ACSL, 20.2 months and 12.6 months respectively, while Asian male and female offenders had the longest ACSL, 28.9 months and 22.3, respectively. The overall custody rate has remained relatively stable between 2016 and 2019, ranging from 57% to 61%. For example, in 2020, Black defendants were 16% less likely to enter a guilty plea than White defendants in Crown Court [footnote 48]. ACSL decreased the most for Asian offenders (decreasing 41%) and Black offenders (decreasing 23%) over the last 5 years. , A long criminal history is defined as 15 or more previous cautions or convictions. Proportion of sentence served is affected by factors such as offence mix and behaviour in prison. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of suspects who were stopped and searched remained relatively stable across most ethnic groups, with a slight decrease in those from the Black ethnic group (21% to 17%). Figure 5.08: Relative Rate Index (RRI): Defendants who entered a guilty plea per all that entered a plea at Crown Court, 2016 2020, England and Wales. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. However, the proportion of prosecutions for these offences varies by ethnicity, as illustrated in the figure below. There was a corresponding increase in stop and searches conducted on Asian suspects (15% to 19%) whilst all other ethnic groups remained relatively constant. Similarly, just over half (53%) of adults arrested in London were from minority ethnic groups, compared to 15% of adults arrested in the rest of England and Wales. A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. Differences in outcomes between ethnic groups over time present a mixed picture, with disparity decreasing in some areas and widening in others. This has remained relatively stable across the past 5 years and across ethnic groups. mayo 29, 2022 . Figure 5.05: Percentages of sentencing outcomes for all ethnicities, 2020, England and Wales. Concordance rates for all PSR figures can be found in the defendants tables (5.14b)[footnote 41]. In 2020/21, stop and searches which resulted in arrests accounted for 12% of total arrests made in England and Wales (where ethnicity is known). Across all ethnic groups, the majority of defendants dealt with at Crown Court are represented at their first hearing, ranging from 91% to 94% across ethnic groups in 2020. Over the last five years the proportion of children from ethnic minority groups sentenced to immediate custody has increased from 36% in 2016 to 43% in 2020. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. In previous years homicide data has been presented in relation to population data, by giving the number of deaths per million of the population of each ethnic group. Recommendations can also be made for a prisoner to remain in the open prison estate. In contrast, fewer Black (15%), Mixed (18%) and Asian (20%) prisoners reported bullying/victimisation from other prisoners, compared to prisoners from White (23%) and Other ethnic groups (24%). Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders matched to a KS4 attainment record in academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.1 and Table CH1). The number of knife crimes In England and Wales has risen to a new record high, says the Office for National Statistics. Of all defendants who entered a plea at Crown Court for sexual offences, 94% entered a guilty plea in 2020 . In 2020, Black and Mixed ethnic groups were particularly overrepresented in the proportion of prosecutions for possession of weapons offences, this has remained largely unchanged from 2016. The proportion of White children remanded at Crown Court has been increasing over the last 5 years from 26% in 2016 to 45% in 2020, converging with the proportion of children remanded in custody from minority ethnic groups. A sharp instrument was the most frequent apparent method of killing across most ethnic groups, accounting for 40% of all homicides in the period between 2017/18 and 2019/20. Large figures are generally presented rounded to the nearest thousand, and percentages to the nearest percentage point in the text. Personal crime [footnote 11] against adults. In 2020, children from the Black ethnic group had a higher proportion of defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court, at 55%, compared to children from the White ethnic group (45%). Where figures have been published, links are provided as part of the text and tables. The trend is the reverse for pre-charge advice at police stations, where 82% of Asian defendants received pre-charge advice compared to 74% of White defendants. This varied by ethnic group; in 2020, 81% of White offenders who were remanded in custody went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence, compared to 79% of Asian offenders and 70% of Black offenders . , Excludes declarations of prefer not to say. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. 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